Variation in solar
output
1.
Explain how does the varying amount of solar output affect global warming? [3]
•
Magnetic field – The magnetic activity of the
sun has a cycle that lasts about 11 years.
•
Sunspots – An increase in solar radiation is
due to an increase in sun spots.
–
Areas surrounding the sunspots radiate more
energy to make up for the cooler sunspot areas.
. Temperature – With
higher solar radiation, earth’s temperatures will increase
Volcanic eruptions
2.
Explain how does volcanic eruption affects global temperatures? [4]
a)
Gases released – Sulphur dioxide, carbon
dioxide, hydrochloric acid, carbon monoxide, water vapor
b) Global
dimming –Gradual reduction in the amount of sunlight reaching
the earth’s surface. Dust particles from eruption form condensation
nuclei, creating more cloud cover. Dust and ash also reflect away incoming
solar radiation.
c)
Effect on temperature - Temporarily cools the
earth for months or years
d) Examples - Mount
Pinatubo eruption lowered temperatures by as much as 0.6°C for as long as two
years.
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