Larry revision

- Sudden occurrence of diseases.

- Cancelling and postponing of mice (meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions).

- Tourists not wanting to risk getting infected by the contagious disease.

- Example; 2003 Sars epidemic in hong kong

> tourists arrivals fell from march to April 2003.

> Bookings for easter holiday period also fell. 

- Poses risks and destroys tourist infrastructure.

- Example; 2010 Iceland volcanic eruption

> 107,000 flights were cancelled during a 8-day period, which was 48% of the total air traffic (10 million passengers).

> airlines collectively lost 130m$ in lost revenues.

> tourism industry lost money – tourists unable to make the trip.




 

- Slowdown in economic activities – loss of jobs or income.

- results in the cut down of spending and  demand for goods and services.

- example; Global financial crisis
> consumer spending lowered due to rising unemployment ( 5.4m jobs were lost in usa in 2008).

> less disposable income to finance holidays. 
- disagreement between groups of people that may pose threats to tourists.

- disrupts services and damage infrastructure.

- example; Thailand 2008 political crisis
> the clashes left 2 people dead and over 300 people injured, including 20 policemen.

> thousands of tourists were stranded and cut off from most international air connections – blockage of international airports.

> explosions and clashes occurred in the next few days.